中国性教育界的微小改变：第一批有职业技能证书的性教育工作者诞生

《人民日报》英文版：2018年5月3日

记者：缪婉宜    翻译：赵玥、葛叶奕 

 北京林业大学的性学教授方刚，刚刚完成了一次性教育工作者的培训。这60名教育工作者是第一批拥有职业技能证书的“赋权型性教育”专业人士，方刚希望他们成为中国性教育的种子，给性教育的未来带来繁荣和发展。

这是中国历史上第一次，在“全国专业人才储备委员会”的监督下的性教育课程，包含了初级、中级和高级三个等级证书课程。此课程涵盖了性教育理论、内容、方法，学校性教育、家庭性教育，内容上从0岁至大学的性教育内容，生理、心理、文化对性的影响，恋爱、性等亲密关系的处理，性别暴力以及校园欺凌，还包括针对同性恋等群体的态度教育，等等。

在《人民日报》的独家专访中，培训课程的组织者方刚老师指出，性教育包括性别认同和性别平等。在全面的性教育基础上，他提出了赋权型性教育这个概念，并为中国的性教育工作者设计了一系列的课程，强调性权利是基本人权的一部分，是人类平等的例证。

方刚认为，赋权的过程是一个为中国青少年量身打造的识别社会权利重要性的过程，赋权也有助于提高对侵权行为的认识以及明白自我保护的重要性。

接受培训的中国NGO社会工作者张琴琴告诉记者，中国传统中性教育是缺失的，特别是学校里的性教育，因为中国文化里长期存在着对性的羞耻感。

这批最新获得证书的性教育工作者的目标是通过在幼儿园和中小学生的课堂上，进行性教育，回答相关性的问题，扫除性羞耻感，也包括针对青少年的性行为指导他们的父母。

此外，性教育工作者也注意到性教育对残疾儿童的影响，这些孩子经常被社会所束缚，他们正常的生理需求常常被忽视。

另一名接受培训的学员葛叶奕说，中国非常需要性教育，因为对中国青少年身体和心理健康的错误认识和无知导致了性伤害以及性骚扰和虐待的发生。

在中国，尤其是对中国父母而言，性教育一直是一个禁忌话题。大多数中国父母甚至不敢在孩子面前提起与性有关的词语，这完全是由于他们自身接受的是传统的禁欲教育。

许多学生回答“我从哪里来”的问题时，答案总是“我父母在垃圾桶里捡到我”，或“我是快递预付费送到的”。方刚说，这些不是笑话，而是中国家庭性教育的现实。

另一方面，中国的教育体制正经历着前所未有的变化。

2017年，北京师范大学出版了一系列小学性教育教材《珍爱生命》。虽然它关于性行为的详细描述和性器官的详细说明引起了激烈争论，但它仍然是在中国教育部的监督指导下，关于性教育的众多成功尝试之一。

此外，中国东部浙江省的大部分幼儿园学生都被介绍了“小威向前冲”这本性教育书。北京从2009年开始对小学教师进行心理方面的考核，其中包括了性教育的要求。

截止2017年，中国有1亿9千2百万的学龄前儿童和1亿2千4百万的中小学生，而只有在一些一线和二线城市才试行性教育。比如北京、上海和南京，那里的教育资源比中国其它地方更加集中和先进。

方刚说：“中国性教育工作者的数量远低于中国性教育的实际需求，因为反污名化的中国性教育还有很长的路要走，所以我不能简单地给你一个时间表。”

联合国教科文组织于2018年1月发布了《国际性教育科学技术指导》，概述了全球青少年性教育政策的八个关键部分，并督促用各种方法进行性教育。

中国性教育经过近20多年的探索之后，性教育职业技能的培训与证书代表了一个新的开始。张琴琴满怀信心地说，对我们来说，这个证书是对面对严重的社会污名的我们的一种动力和鼓励，当然，关于性教育的污名不可能在短期内去除。

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Thursday, May 3, 2018

Slightly budging over China’s sex education: First batch of national-certificated educators is coming

By Miao Wanyi (People's Daily Online)    14:11, May 03, 2018

Fang Gang, a sexology professor from China’s Forestry University, just completed his training for the first batch of China’s sexuality educators in March. Those 60 educators are the first national-certificated professionals on “empowerment sexuality education.” Fang hopes that they will be the seeds of China’s sex education for the future bloom.

Photo courtesy of Fang Gang

For the first time ever in Chinese history, a national-certificated sex-ed course is being offered under the supervision of China’s National Committee for Professional Talent Pool, which is responsible for grading primary, middle, and high-school-level certifications. The program is composed of various lectures, including on family sexuality education, resolution of domestic violence and school bullying, and supervision and evaluation of sexuality education.

In an exclusive interview with People’s Daily, Fang, the instructor and organiser of the training course, noted that “sexuality education” encompasses gender identity and gender equality. By introducing the notion of “empowerment sexuality education” on the basis of “comprehensive sexuality education,” he designed a series of courses for Chinese sexuality educators, which emphasized that the right to sexuality as part of fundamental human rights is the illustration of human equality.

The empowerment process is a tailored approach for Chinese adolescents to identify the significance of social rights and obligations and to raise awareness of rights violations and the importance of self-protection, Fang described.

“Typical sex education in China lacks a sense of security due to the long-existing notion of shame in Chinese culture, especially in school education,” Zhang Qinqin, a course trainee and a social worker in a Chinese NGO, told People’s Daily.

The newly-authorized educators’ aim is to gradually sweep out the sense of shame in the traditional sex-ed in China, by means of consulting sex-related issues in school and lectures for preschool and middle school students, but most importantly, mentoring Chinese parents on adolescent sexuality.

Moreover, the educators also pay attention to the sexuality education for the disabled children who are often marginalized by the society and whose normal physical need is often forgotten.

(People attend a sex-ed course in Beijing.   Photo courtesy of Fang Gang)

“China is in a great need of sexuality education, as the hurtful and harmful sexual harassment and abuse simply fits a wrongful pattern of sloppiness and ignorance toward Chinese adolescents’ physical and mental health,” said Ge Yeyi, another course trainee.

Sex education in China is always a taboo topic, especially for Chinese parents. Most Chinese parents do not dare even mention any sex-related words in front of their innocent children due to their own background of traditional abstinence education.

“Many students’ answer to ‘where am I from’ is always the same, from ‘my parents picked me from the trash bins/found me in the trash’ to ‘I am a pre-paid delivery.’ These are not jokes, but the reality of Chinese family sexuality education,” said Fang.

On the other hand, China’s educational system is witnessing an unprecedented change.

In 2017, a series of primary school sexuality education textbooks, The Pace of Growth, was published by Beijing Normal University. Though it caused an intense controversy over the elaboration of sexual intercourse and detailed illustrations of sexual organs, it is one of the many successful trials conducted over sexuality education under the supervision and guidance of China’s Ministry of Education.

Moreover, the sex-ed book Where Willy Went was introduced to most kindergarten pupils in the east China’s Zhejiang Province. In Beijing, the requirement for primary school teachers upon passing over psychological verification which included sexuality education has been implemented since 2009.

Until 2017, there were 19.2 million preschool students and 142 million middle school students in China, however, sexuality education is still on trial only in several first- and second-tier cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Nanjing, where educational resources are much more concentrated and advanced than in other parts of China.

“The number of China’s sexuality educators is far less than it should be. The anti-stigmatization for sexuality education in China has such a long way to go that I cannot simply give you a number,” said Fang.

UNESCO published the International Technical Guidance On Sexuality Education in January 2018, which outlined eight key parts of educational policies for worldwide teenagers and urges a comprehensive approach to sexuality education.

“The sexuality certification stands for a new start for Chinese sex education after nearly 20 years of exploration. For us, the certification is a consistent impetus and an encouragement to face the rigid social stigma which will be resolved in the short run,” Zhang said with confidence. 

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(Web editor: Jiang Jie, Bianji)

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